Beneath the surface of each stone at Karnak lies a wealth of geological information, waiting to be
uncovered. Through digital microscopy, we’ve been able to explore the intricate details of sandstone
samples from the site, revealing vital clues about the stones’ composition and the effects of centuries
of exposure to the elements. The analysis has uncovered a dominance of quartz grains, which form
the core structure of the sandstone, contributing to its durability. Alongside these, traces of
muscovite laminas have been identified, thin, flat layers of mica that help inform us about the stone’s
geological origins and the conditions in which it was formed. These results offer a glimpse into the
ancient environment where the stones were quarried, providing valuable context for understanding
their physical properties. Equally important are the signs of weathering that are visible at the
microscopic level. The surface of the stone has been shaped by countless years of exposure to Luxor’s
harsh climate: intense heat, UV radiation, and the abrasive desert winds. By studying these
microstructural changes, we gain insights into how the stone has responded to environmental stress
over time. This knowledge is important for formulating effective conservation strategies, as it helps us
understand the specific challenges each block faces and the best materials and techniques to use in
their preservation. Understanding the composition of the sandstone not only aids in preserving the
stones themselves but also assists in maintaining the authenticity of the site. Choosing appropriate
conservation materials that are compatible with the original stone ensures that interventions will
stand the test of time, blending seamlessly with the ancient materials while protecting them from
further decay. Through these microscopic investigations, we are able to peer into the hidden histories
of the stones, tracing their origins, examining their weathered surfaces, and ensuring their
preservation for generations to come.
